{
  "dataset": "algorithms",
  "description": "The cryptography registry: every scheme the rated chains use, each chain's usage, and shared exposure to Shor's algorithm. Published beside the Hardy Score, not in it.",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "as_of": "2026-11-13",
  "methodology_version": "1.8",
  "licence": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  },
  "attribution": "The Hardy Index, hardyindex.com, as of 2026-11-13",
  "documentation": "https://hardyindex.com/data",
  "algorithms": [
    {
      "id": "abelian-lattice",
      "name": "Abelian lattice signatures and KEM",
      "aliases": [
        "Abelian post-quantum primitives"
      ],
      "family": "lattice",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "none",
        "ref": null,
        "status": "none"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/pqabelian"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/abelian-lattice"
    },
    {
      "id": "bls12-381",
      "name": "BLS signatures on BLS12-381",
      "aliases": [
        "BLS"
      ],
      "family": "pairing",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "IRTF",
        "ref": "draft-irtf-cfrg-bls-signature",
        "status": "draft"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-cfrg-bls-signature/"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/bls12-381"
    },
    {
      "id": "clsag",
      "name": "CLSAG ring signatures",
      "aliases": [
        "Concise Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signatures"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "none",
        "ref": null,
        "status": "none"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/monero-project/monero/blob/master/src/ringct/rctSigs.cpp"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/clsag"
    },
    {
      "id": "ecdsa-brainpoolp512t1",
      "name": "ECDSA on brainpoolP512t1",
      "aliases": [
        "Brainpool",
        "brainpoolP512t1"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "IETF",
        "ref": "RFC 5639",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5639"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-brainpoolp512t1"
    },
    {
      "id": "ecdsa-secp256k1",
      "name": "ECDSA on secp256k1",
      "aliases": [
        "secp256k1",
        "ECDSA"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "SECG",
        "ref": "SEC 1 and SEC 2",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-secp256k1"
    },
    {
      "id": "ecdsa-secp256r1",
      "name": "ECDSA on secp256r1",
      "aliases": [
        "secp256r1",
        "P-256",
        "prime256v1"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "NIST",
        "ref": "FIPS 186-5 (P-256)",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/186-5/final"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-secp256r1"
    },
    {
      "id": "ecdsa-sect571r1",
      "name": "ECDSA on sect571r1",
      "aliases": [
        "sect571r1",
        "B-571"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "SECG",
        "ref": "SEC 2",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-sect571r1"
    },
    {
      "id": "ecvrf",
      "name": "ECVRF",
      "aliases": [
        "Elliptic-curve verifiable random function",
        "VRF"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "IRTF",
        "ref": "RFC 9381",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9381"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecvrf"
    },
    {
      "id": "ed25519",
      "name": "Ed25519",
      "aliases": [
        "EdDSA",
        "Curve25519"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "IETF",
        "ref": "RFC 8032",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ed25519"
    },
    {
      "id": "fn-dsa",
      "name": "FN-DSA",
      "aliases": [
        "Falcon",
        "FIPS 206"
      ],
      "family": "lattice",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "NIST",
        "ref": "FIPS 206",
        "status": "draft"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://falcon-sign.info/",
        "https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-cryptography"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/fn-dsa"
    },
    {
      "id": "lean-xmss",
      "name": "leanXMSS",
      "aliases": [
        "lean signatures"
      ],
      "family": "hash-based-stateful",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "none",
        "ref": null,
        "status": "none"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://pq.ethereum.org/"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/lean-xmss"
    },
    {
      "id": "lm-ots",
      "name": "LM-OTS",
      "aliases": [
        "Leighton-Micali one-time signatures",
        "LMS"
      ],
      "family": "hash-based-one-time",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "IETF",
        "ref": "RFC 8554",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8554"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/lm-ots"
    },
    {
      "id": "schnorr-pallas",
      "name": "Mina Schnorr signatures on Pallas",
      "aliases": [
        "Mina Schnorr",
        "Schnorr-Pallas"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "none",
        "ref": "Mina Schnorr Signatures (draft informational specification)",
        "status": "none"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/MinaProtocol/mina/blob/develop/docs/specs/signatures/description.md"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/schnorr-pallas"
    },
    {
      "id": "ml-dsa",
      "name": "ML-DSA",
      "aliases": [
        "CRYSTALS-Dilithium",
        "Dilithium",
        "FIPS 204"
      ],
      "family": "lattice",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "NIST",
        "ref": "FIPS 204",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ml-dsa"
    },
    {
      "id": "reddsa",
      "name": "RedDSA",
      "aliases": [
        "RedPallas",
        "RedJubjub"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "none",
        "ref": "Zcash Protocol Specification",
        "status": "none"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://zips.z.cash/protocol/protocol.pdf"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/reddsa"
    },
    {
      "id": "rsa-pss",
      "name": "RSA-PSS",
      "aliases": [
        "RSA",
        "RSASSA-PSS"
      ],
      "family": "integer-factorisation",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "IETF",
        "ref": "RFC 8017",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8017",
        "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.186-5.pdf"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/rsa-pss"
    },
    {
      "id": "schnorr-secp256k1",
      "name": "Schnorr signatures on secp256k1",
      "aliases": [
        "BIP-340",
        "Schnorr"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "BIP",
        "ref": "BIP-340",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/schnorr-secp256k1"
    },
    {
      "id": "slh-dsa",
      "name": "SLH-DSA",
      "aliases": [
        "SPHINCS+",
        "FIPS 205"
      ],
      "family": "hash-based-stateless",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "NIST",
        "ref": "FIPS 205",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/205/final"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/slh-dsa"
    },
    {
      "id": "sr25519",
      "name": "sr25519",
      "aliases": [
        "Schnorrkel",
        "Ristretto Schnorr"
      ],
      "family": "elliptic-curve",
      "quantum": "broken-by-shor",
      "standard": {
        "body": "none",
        "ref": null,
        "status": "none"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://wiki.polkadot.com/learn/learn-cryptography/"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/sr25519"
    },
    {
      "id": "winternitz-ots",
      "name": "Winternitz one-time signatures",
      "aliases": [
        "WOTS"
      ],
      "family": "hash-based-one-time",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "none",
        "ref": null,
        "status": "none"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://solana.com/news/quantum-readiness"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/winternitz-ots"
    },
    {
      "id": "wots-plus",
      "name": "WOTS+",
      "aliases": [
        "Winternitz one-time signature plus"
      ],
      "family": "hash-based-one-time",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "IETF",
        "ref": "RFC 8391",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8391"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/wots-plus"
    },
    {
      "id": "xmss",
      "name": "XMSS",
      "aliases": [
        "eXtended Merkle Signature Scheme"
      ],
      "family": "hash-based-stateful",
      "quantum": "believed-resistant",
      "standard": {
        "body": "NIST",
        "ref": "SP 800-208 and RFC 8391",
        "status": "final"
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8391",
        "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/208/final"
      ],
      "page": "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/xmss"
    }
  ],
  "shared_exposure": [
    {
      "algorithm": "ecdsa-secp256k1",
      "chains": [
        "0g",
        "aioz",
        "akash",
        "avalanche",
        "bitcoin",
        "bitcoin-cash",
        "bitcoin-sv",
        "bnb-chain",
        "celestia",
        "chiliz",
        "conflux",
        "cosmos-hub",
        "cronos",
        "dash",
        "decred",
        "dogecoin",
        "dydx",
        "ecash",
        "ethereum",
        "ethereum-classic",
        "filecoin",
        "flare",
        "gatechain",
        "gnosis",
        "hedera",
        "hyperliquid",
        "injective",
        "kaia",
        "kcc",
        "kite",
        "litecoin",
        "memecore",
        "monad",
        "nervos-ckb",
        "ozone",
        "polygon-pos",
        "provenance",
        "qorechain",
        "qtum",
        "sei",
        "sonic",
        "terra-classic",
        "theta",
        "thorchain",
        "tron",
        "vaulta",
        "vechain",
        "wemix",
        "whitechain",
        "xdc-network",
        "xrp-ledger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "algorithm": "ed25519",
      "chains": [
        "algorand",
        "aptos",
        "beldex",
        "cardano",
        "gatechain",
        "hedera",
        "internet-computer",
        "iota",
        "monero",
        "multiversx",
        "near",
        "solana",
        "stellar",
        "sui",
        "tezos",
        "toncoin",
        "xrp-ledger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "algorithm": "schnorr-secp256k1",
      "chains": [
        "bitcoin",
        "bitcoin-cash",
        "ecash",
        "kaspa",
        "midnight"
      ]
    },
    {
      "algorithm": "sr25519",
      "chains": [
        "bittensor",
        "polkadot"
      ]
    },
    {
      "algorithm": "ecdsa-brainpoolp512t1",
      "chains": [
        "nexus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "algorithm": "ecdsa-secp256r1",
      "chains": [
        "neo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "algorithm": "schnorr-pallas",
      "chains": [
        "mina"
      ]
    },
    {
      "algorithm": "reddsa",
      "chains": [
        "zcash"
      ]
    },
    {
      "algorithm": "rsa-pss",
      "chains": [
        "arweave"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "records": [
    {
      "chain": "quantus",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-87 and ML-DSA-65",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "on-chain",
      "source": "https://explorer.quantus.com/blocks/274955"
    },
    {
      "chain": "quantus",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-87 and ML-DSA-65",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/Quantus-Network/chain/blob/main/runtime/src/lib.rs"
    },
    {
      "chain": "dilithion",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-65",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "on-chain",
      "source": "https://explorer.dilithion.org/api/tx.php?txid=cb86f68488750f17e306112bef3b81ec8b242cd7b97142dd790d4a43e6fef021&chain=dil"
    },
    {
      "chain": "dilithion",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-65",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/dilithion/dilithion/blob/main/src/script/interpreter.cpp"
    },
    {
      "chain": "dilithion",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-65",
      "role": "identity-layer",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/dilithion/dilithion/blob/main/src/core/chainparams.cpp"
    },
    {
      "chain": "qrl",
      "algorithm": "xmss",
      "params": null,
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "statement",
      "source": "https://www.theqrl.org/2/"
    },
    {
      "chain": "qrl",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-87",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "testnet",
      "evidence": "statement",
      "source": "https://www.theqrl.org/2/"
    },
    {
      "chain": "mochimo",
      "algorithm": "wots-plus",
      "params": "PARAMSN 32, WOTSW 16",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/mochimodev/mochimo/blob/master/src/wots.h"
    },
    {
      "chain": "tidecoin",
      "algorithm": "fn-dsa",
      "params": "Falcon-512 (round 3, PQClean)",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "on-chain",
      "source": "https://explorer.tidecoin.org/tx/84952925da010dae1e4280708acb2d277185dc86765a75e01077d8df30d04919"
    },
    {
      "chain": "tidecoin",
      "algorithm": "fn-dsa",
      "params": "Falcon-1024",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "specified",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/tidecoin/tidecoin/releases/tag/v1.0.0rc2"
    },
    {
      "chain": "tidecoin",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-44, ML-DSA-65, ML-DSA-87",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "specified",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/tidecoin/tidecoin/releases/tag/v1.0.0rc2"
    },
    {
      "chain": "qorechain",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-87",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "on-chain",
      "source": "https://api.qore.host/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/7DC4729A41FEF6061B5F3F329034B06E0F7FEB3B62F06748AA6FF84446FA5876"
    },
    {
      "chain": "qorechain",
      "algorithm": "ecdsa-secp256k1",
      "params": null,
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "on-chain",
      "source": "https://api.qore.host/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/7DC4729A41FEF6061B5F3F329034B06E0F7FEB3B62F06748AA6FF84446FA5876"
    },
    {
      "chain": "qorechain",
      "algorithm": "ed25519",
      "params": null,
      "role": "validator-consensus",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "on-chain",
      "source": "https://api.qore.host/cosmos/staking/v1beta1/validators?status=BOND_STATUS_BONDED"
    },
    {
      "chain": "abelian",
      "algorithm": "abelian-lattice",
      "params": null,
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/pqabelian"
    },
    {
      "chain": "abelian",
      "algorithm": "abelian-lattice",
      "params": null,
      "role": "key-encapsulation",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/pqabelian"
    },
    {
      "chain": "near",
      "algorithm": "ed25519",
      "params": null,
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-default",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/near/nearcore/releases/tag/2.13.0"
    },
    {
      "chain": "near",
      "algorithm": "ecdsa-secp256k1",
      "params": null,
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-optional",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/near/nearcore/releases/tag/2.13.0"
    },
    {
      "chain": "near",
      "algorithm": "ml-dsa",
      "params": "ML-DSA-65",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-optional",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/near/nearcore/releases/tag/2.13.0"
    },
    {
      "chain": "algorand",
      "algorithm": "ed25519",
      "params": null,
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-default",
      "evidence": "statement",
      "source": "https://algorand.co/technology/post-quantum"
    },
    {
      "chain": "algorand",
      "algorithm": "fn-dsa",
      "params": "Falcon-1024",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-optional",
      "evidence": "source-code",
      "source": "https://github.com/algorand/go-algorand/releases/tag/v5.0.0-stable"
    },
    {
      "chain": "algorand",
      "algorithm": "fn-dsa",
      "params": null,
      "role": "ledger-attestation",
      "deployment": "mainnet-mandatory",
      "evidence": "statement",
      "source": "https://algorand.co/blog/technical-brief-quantum-resistant-transactions-on-algorand-with-falcon-signatures"
    },
    {
      "chain": "nervos-ckb",
      "algorithm": "ecdsa-secp256k1",
      "params": null,
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-default",
      "evidence": "specification",
      "source": "https://docs.nervos.org/docs/ckb-features/native-quantum-resistance"
    },
    {
      "chain": "nervos-ckb",
      "algorithm": "slh-dsa",
      "params": "SPHINCS+, twelve parameter sets",
      "role": "account-signature",
      "deployment": "mainnet-optional",
      "evidence": "specification",
      "source": "https://docs.nervos.org/docs/ckb-features/native-quantum-resistance"
    },
    {
      "chain": "nexus",
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}