---
title: "Cryptography registry: every scheme the rated chains use"
url: "https://hardyindex.com/algorithms"
---

# Cryptography registry

Every signature and key scheme a rated chain uses or has named, recorded once with its standard and whether Shor's algorithm breaks it. Each chain's profile lists the schemes it uses, for what, and how far each is deployed, with a source for every entry.

This registry is published beside the Hardy Score and is not an input to it.

> This is a security-readiness assessment, not investment advice.

## Shared exposure

For each scheme a quantum computer running Shor's algorithm would break, the rated chains whose accounts sign with it by default or by mandate. Opt-in uses and consensus roles are listed on each scheme's page, not counted here. A chain that offers accounts a choice of two schemes is counted under both.

- **[ECDSA on secp256k1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-secp256k1.md):** 51 chains. 0G, AIOZ Network, Akash Network, Avalanche, Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Bitcoin SV, BNB Chain, Celestia, Chiliz Chain, Conflux, Cosmos Hub, Cronos, Dash, Decred, Dogecoin, dYdX Chain, eCash, Ethereum, Ethereum Classic, Filecoin, Flare, GateChain, Gnosis Chain, Hedera, Hyperliquid, Injective, Kaia, KCC (KuCoin Community Chain), Kite, Litecoin, MemeCore, Monad, Nervos CKB, Ozone Chain, Polygon PoS, Provenance Blockchain, QoreChain, Qtum, Sei, Sonic, Terra Classic, Theta Network, THORChain, Tron, Vaulta, VeChain, WEMIX, Whitechain, XDC Network, XRP Ledger.
- **[Ed25519](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ed25519.md):** 17 chains. Algorand, Aptos, Beldex, Cardano, GateChain, Hedera, Internet Computer, IOTA, Monero, MultiversX, NEAR Protocol, Solana, Stellar, Sui, Tezos, TON, XRP Ledger.
- **[Schnorr signatures on secp256k1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/schnorr-secp256k1.md):** 5 chains. Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, eCash, Kaspa, Midnight.
- **[sr25519](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/sr25519.md):** 2 chains. Bittensor, Polkadot.
- **[ECDSA on brainpoolP512t1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-brainpoolp512t1.md):** 1 chain. Nexus.
- **[ECDSA on secp256r1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-secp256r1.md):** 1 chain. Neo.
- **[Mina Schnorr signatures on Pallas](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/schnorr-pallas.md):** 1 chain. Mina Protocol.
- **[RedDSA](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/reddsa.md):** 1 chain. Zcash.
- **[RSA-PSS](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/rsa-pss.md):** 1 chain. Arweave.

## Broken by Shor's algorithm

- [BLS signatures on BLS12-381](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/bls12-381.md): draft-irtf-cfrg-bls-signature (draft). Used by 14 rated chains.
- [CLSAG ring signatures](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/clsag.md): no published standard. Used by 2 rated chains.
- [ECDSA on brainpoolP512t1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-brainpoolp512t1.md): RFC 5639. Used by 1 rated chain.
- [ECDSA on secp256k1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-secp256k1.md): SEC 1 and SEC 2. Used by 59 rated chains.
- [ECDSA on secp256r1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-secp256r1.md): FIPS 186-5 (P-256). Used by 11 rated chains.
- [ECDSA on sect571r1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecdsa-sect571r1.md): SEC 2. Used by 1 rated chain.
- [ECVRF](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ecvrf.md): RFC 9381. Used by 4 rated chains.
- [Ed25519](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ed25519.md): RFC 8032. Used by 33 rated chains.
- [Mina Schnorr signatures on Pallas](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/schnorr-pallas.md): Mina Schnorr Signatures (draft informational specification). Used by 1 rated chain.
- [RedDSA](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/reddsa.md): Zcash Protocol Specification. Used by 2 rated chains.
- [RSA-PSS](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/rsa-pss.md): RFC 8017. Used by 1 rated chain.
- [Schnorr signatures on secp256k1](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/schnorr-secp256k1.md): BIP-340. Used by 8 rated chains.
- [sr25519](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/sr25519.md): no published standard. Used by 3 rated chains.

## Believed quantum-resistant

- [Abelian lattice signatures and KEM](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/abelian-lattice.md): no published standard. Used by 1 rated chain.
- [FN-DSA](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/fn-dsa.md): FIPS 206 (draft). Used by 10 rated chains.
- [leanXMSS](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/lean-xmss.md): no published standard. Used by 2 rated chains.
- [LM-OTS](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/lm-ots.md): RFC 8554. Used by 1 rated chain.
- [ML-DSA](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/ml-dsa.md): FIPS 204. Used by 23 rated chains.
- [SLH-DSA](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/slh-dsa.md): FIPS 205. Used by 4 rated chains.
- [Winternitz one-time signatures](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/winternitz-ots.md): no published standard. Used by 1 rated chain.
- [WOTS+](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/wots-plus.md): RFC 8391. Used by 1 rated chain.
- [XMSS](https://hardyindex.com/algorithms/xmss.md): SP 800-208 and RFC 8391. Used by 2 rated chains.